The variant among the isolates for the T17 genotype is heterogeneous, while the genotype T18 has only recently been reported as the new nominal A. (2015) showed genotyping T1 to T20 as a result of phylogenetic analysis of Acanthamoeba (SSU) rRNA. Other genotypes have been identified, T13 to T16, by other researchers ( Horn et al. Analyses of more than 50 strains from three morphological groups were presented as 12 genotypes from T1 to T12 ( Stothard et al. The strains in which the differences detected in the (SSU) rDNA gene region were below 5% of all were collected under a single genotype. Classification based on the (SSU) rDNA gene for the detection of Acanthamoeba was established by Gast et al. Taxonomy and classification of these parasites has begun to be revised after the successful application of molecular techniques ( Khan et al. The disadvantage of diagnosis based on morphological characteristics of the cyst is that the morphology differs according to the media used therefore, it is necessary to use cultures and specialist researchers in this field ( Scheid & Balczun 2017).įree-living amoebae (FLA) can serve as tools or hosts for phylogenetically various microorganisms, while some of them amplify intracellularly ( Scheid 2014 Scheid et al. However, the morphological classification is inadequate to discriminate at the species level of Acanthamoeba ( Stothard et al. Acanthamoeba species were initially classified as three different morphological groups (I, II and III) ( Pussard & Pons 1977 1). The identification of Acanthamoeba species at the genus level is made by distinguishing features of trophozoites and cysts, especially the shape of the double-walled cysts. Acanthamoeba species do not need a host to live they settle into the tissues causing serious diseases ( Lorenzo-Morales et al. This suggests that Acanthamoeba is an organism that is frequently in contact with humans. More than 80% of people have antibodies against Acanthamoeba ( Chappell et al. 2014) and, in some cases, contact lens holders. are commonly found in damp and wet soil, freshwater accumulations, sewage, swimming pools, lakes, dam lakes, tap water and air ( Khan 2006 Lass et al. The T4 genotype is the most common genotype associated with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) worldwide therefore, humans and animals living in the area are at risk after contact with such waters.Īcanthamoeba spp. triangularis) and T5 genotype was also found in 3%. The most common genotype was Acanthamoeba T4 ( Acanthamoeba spp., A. polyphaga) in 29.6%, Haplotype III ( Acanthamoeba spp.) in 62% and Haplotype IV ( A. The result of the subsequent sequence analysis showed Haplotype I ( A. The highest rate in river waters contaminated with Acanthamoeba species was in Terme followed by Samsun centre (41.7%), Carsamba (40%), Tekkekoy (38.9%) and Bafra districts (33.3%), respectively.
![bioedit create haplotype tree bioedit create haplotype tree](https://sumrandee.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/file-open.jpg)
No Acanthamoeba species were detected in tap water samples.
![bioedit create haplotype tree bioedit create haplotype tree](https://dfzljdn9uc3pi.cloudfront.net/2021/12441/1/fig-2-full.png)
were found in 15/36 river samples from Samsun, in 58/90 from Terme, in 12/30 from Carsamba, in 7/18 from Tekkekoy and in 6/18 from Bafra. was confirmed in 98 of 192 water samples collected from 32 sites of Samsun province (Samsun centre, Terme, Carsamba, Tekkekoy, Bafra) by PCR.
#Bioedit create haplotype tree free
The present study aims to investigate the occurrence of free living amoeba (FLA) in water resources (rivers and tap water) in Samsun in the Black Sea.